The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum is an elliptical amphitheater in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphitheater ever built, and is still the largest standing amphitheater in the world.

Construction began under the Emperor Vespasian in 72 AD and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir, Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian. The three emperors who were patrons of the work are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheater was named the Flavian Amphitheater.

The Colosseum is built of travertine limestone, tuff (volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete. It could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators at various points in its history. It was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles including animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, dramas based on Roman mythology, and briefly mock sea battles.

The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine. Although substantially ruined by earthquakes and stone robbers taking spolia, the Colosseum is still a renowned symbol of Imperial Rome and was listed as one of the New 7 Wonders of the World.

The Colosseum is one of Rome’s most popular tourist attractions and has links to the Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit “Way of the Cross” procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum. The Colosseum is depicted on the Italian version of the 5 euro cent coin.

Reaching the Colosseum in central Rome via public transport and walking is the recommended way due to heavy traffic around the area with most of Rome’s most popular attractions located around it. The location, along with Roman Forum, is about 20-25 minutes walk from Roma Termini (central Train Station), which itself is accessible via the metro line from Rome airport and train stations from nearby towns. Purchasing ticket online is highly recommended due to the timed entry system and massive crowd visiting the amphitheater and nearby attractions.

Watch the video below for a walking tour by the Roman Colosseum.